Nga mRNA whakakaha-whaiaro (saRNAs): Ko te Whakatupuranga RNA Paerewa mo nga Kano Kano 

He rerekē ki te mRNA tuku iho nga kano e whakakōwae ana mō ngā antigens ūnga anake, ko ngā mRNA whakakaha-ake (saRNA) e whakakōwae ana mō ngā pūmua kore-hanganga me te whakatairanga hoki, e hanga ana ngā saRNA ngā tāruarua ka taea te tuhi i roto i te tinana ora i roto i ngā pūtau manaaki. E whakaatu ana ngā hua wawe ko tō rātou whai huatanga, ina hoatu i roto i ngā horopeta iti ake, he rite ki ngā horopeta noa o te tikanga mRNANā te iti o ngā whakaritenga horopeta, te iti o ngā pānga taha, me te roa o te mahi, ka puta te saRNA hei tūāpapa RNA pai ake mō ngā kano kano (tae atu ki te v.2.0 o ngā kano mRNA COVID) me ngā rongoā hou ake. Kāore anō kia whakaaetia he kano kano, he rongoā rānei e hangai ana ki te saRNA mō te whakamahinga a te tangata. Heoi, he nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i tēnei wāhanga ka taea te arahi i te whakaoranga o te aukati me te maimoatanga o ngā mate me ngā mate pirau.  

Kāore e kore he kōrero, he ngoikore te tangata i mua i ngā mate urutā pēnei i te COVID. I pāngia tātou katoa e tēnei mate, ā, i pāngia hoki tātou i tētahi ara, i tētahi ara rānei; e miriona te hunga kāore i ora ki te kite i te ata i muri mai. I te mea he nui te kaupapa werohanga COVID-19 a Haina, he mea āwangawanga ngā pūrongo pāpāho hou mō te pikinga o ngā keehi me te mate i roto me te taha o Beijing. Ko te hiahia kia rite, me te whai tonu i ngā huarahi whai hua ake. nga kano ā, kāore e taea te whakaiti i ngā mahi rongoā.  

Nā te āhuatanga whakamiharo i puta mai i te mate urutā COVID-19 i whakarato he whai wāhitanga mō te hunga whai hua RNA hangarau kia puta atu i te pakeketanga. Ka taea te whakaoti i ngā whakamātautau haumanu i te tere rekoata, ā, mRNA COVID e hangai ana Nga maimoatanga, BNT162b2 (i hangaia e Pfizer/BioNTech) me mRNA-1273 (nā Moderna) i whiwhi i te EUA mai i ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, i te wā tika, i whai wāhi nui ki te whakarato tiaki i te iwi mai i te mate urutā, inā koa i Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki.¹. Ēnei mRNA nga kano kei runga i ngā tūāpapa RNA hangai. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga ahumahi tere, tauine, me te kore pūtau. Engari kāore ēnei i te kore he herenga pērā i te utu nui, te mekameka tuku makariri, te hekenga o ngā titres paturopi, hei tauira noa iho.  

mRNA nga kano e whakamahia ana i nāianei (e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko te tikanga tuku iho, ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi rānei) mRNA nga kano) e hangai ana ki te whakakōrero i te pūmua huaketo i roto i te RNA hangai. Ka haria e te pūnaha tuku kore-huaketo te tuhinga ki te cytoplasm pūtau manaaki te wāhi e whakaatuhia ai te pūmua huaketo. Kātahi ka whakaoho te pūmua kua whakaatuhia i te urupare ārai mate me te whakarato i te ārai mate hohe. Nā te mea ka ngawari te pirau o te RNA, ā, kāore e taea e tēnei mRNA i roto i te kano kano te tuhi i a ia anō, me tuku he nui o ngā tuhinga RNA huaketo hangai (mRNA) ki roto i te kano kano hei whakaputa i te urupare ārai mate e hiahiatia ana. Engari me pēhea mēnā ka whakauruhia te tuhinga RNA hangai ki ngā pūmua kore-hanganga me ngā ira whakatairanga, hei tāpiri atu ki te pūmua huaketo e hiahiatia ana? He pēnei te RNA Ka taea e te tuhinga te tuhi, te whakanui rānei i a ia anō ina kawea ki roto i te pūtau manaaki ahakoa he roa ake, he taumaha ake, ā, he uaua ake pea tōna kawe ki ngā pūtau manaaki.  

He rerekē ki te tikanga tuku iho (kāore rānei e whakanui) mRNA he waehere anake mō te pūmua huaketo kua tohua, te whakakaha-ake-ake mRNA (saRNA), ka taea te tuhi i a ia anō i roto i ngā pūtau manaaki i roto i te tinana ora nā te mea kei roto ngā waehere e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pūmua kore-hanganga me te kaiwhakatairanga. Ko ngā kaitono kano kano mRNA i runga i ngā mRNA whakakaha-ake ka kiia ko te whakatupuranga tuarua, ko te whakatupuranga whai muri rānei. mRNA nga kanoHe pai ake ngā whai wāhitanga o ēnei mō te iti o te horopeta e hiahiatia ana, te iti ake o ngā pānga taha, me te roa ake o te mahi/ngā pānga ^(2-5)Kua roa te hapori pūtaiao e mōhio ana ki ngā putanga e rua o te tūāpapa RNA. I roto i te urupare ki te mate urutā, i whiriwhiria e ngā kairangahau te putanga kore-tārua o te tūāpapa mRNA mō te whakawhanaketanga kano kano i runga i tōna māmā me ngā hiahia o te āhuatanga mate urutā, ā, kia whiwhi wheako ki te putanga kore-whakanui i te tuatahi me te tupato. Ināianei, e rua ā mātou mRNA kua whakaaetia. nga kano mō te COVID-19, me ētahi atu kano ārai mate me ngā rongoā kei te haere tonu pēnei i te Kano Kano HIV me te maimoatanga o Te mate a Charcot-Marie-Tooth.  

Ngā kano ārai mate COVID-19 i roto i te saRNA  

Ehara i te mea hou te hiahia ki te kano ārai mate saRNA. I roto i ētahi marama o te tīmatanga o te mate urutā, i waenganui o te tau 2020, ka… et ali whakaatu i tētahi kano kano e hangai ana ki te saRNA i whakaatu i ngā taumata teitei o te paturopi i roto i te toto o te kiore me te pai o te whakakore i te huaketo.⁶Ko te whakamātautau haumanu wāhanga-1 o VLPCOV–01 (he whakamātautau whakakaha-ake RNA kaitono kano kano) i runga i te 92 ngā pakeke hauora i whakaputaina ā rātou hua i runga i te tuhinga i mua i te marama kua hipa i whakatau ko te whakahaeretanga iti o tēnei saRNA he rite tonu te urupare ārai mate i puta mai i te kano kano i runga i te kano kano mRNA tuku iho BNT162b2, ā, e taunaki ana kia whakawhanakehia anō hei kano kano whakakaha.⁷I roto i tētahi atu rangahau i whakaputaina tata nei i whakahaerehia hei wāhanga o te whakamātautau haumanu COVAC1 hei whakawhanake i te rautaki whakahaere horopeta whakanui, i kitea he urupare ārai mate pai ake i roto i te hunga kua pāngia e te COVID-19 i mua, ā, i whiwhi i tētahi rongoā whakakaha-ake hou. RNA (saRNA) Kano ārai COVID-19 me te kano ārai kua whakamanahia e te UK⁸He whakamātautau haumanu-mua o te kano kano ā-waha hou e ahu mai ana i te whakakaha-ake-ake RNA i runga i te tauira kiore i puta ai te titer paturopi teitei⁹.  

Kaiāwhina kano ārai mate saRNA mō te rewharewha  

Nga pangia nga kano Ko ngā mea e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā he mea hanga mai i ngā huaketo kua whakakorengia, he ira hangai rānei (he ira HA hangai kua honoa ki te baculovirus)¹⁰He whakakaha-ake anō mRNAKa taea e te kaitono kano kano-e hangai ana ki te whakaputa i te ārai mate ki ngā momo antigens huaketo. Ko te whakamātautau i mua i te haumanu o te kaitono kano kano sa-mRNA bicistronic A/H5N1 ki te rewharewha i runga i ngā kiore me ngā ferrets i whakaputa i te paturopi kaha me te urupare pūtau-T e tika ana kia aromatawaihia ki te tangata i roto i ngā whakamātautau haumanu.¹¹.  

Kua aro nuitia ngā kano ārai mate COVID-19 mō ngā take mārama. Kua mahia ētahi mahi haumanu-mua ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāpapa RNA mō ētahi atu mate me ngā mate kore-pango pērā i te mate pukupuku, te mate a Alzheimer me ngā mate tuku iho; heoi, kāore anō kia whakaaetia he kano ārai mate, he rongoā rānei e hangai ana ki te saRNA mō te whakamahinga a te tangata. Me mahi atu he rangahau mō te whakamahinga o ngā kano ārai mate e hangai ana ki te saRNA kia mārama ai te haumaru me te whai huatanga mō te whakamahinga ki ngā tāngata.

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Tohutoro:  

1. Prasad U., 2020. Te Werohanga mRNA COVID-19: He Tohu Paetahi i roto i te Pūtaiao me te Huringa Kēmu i roto i te Rongoā. Pūtaiao Pākehā. I whakaputaina i te 29 o Hakihea 2020. Kei te wātea ipurangi i http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/covid-19-mrna-vaccine-a-milestone-in-science-and-a-game-changer-in-medicine/  

2. Bloom, K., van den Berg, F. & Arbuthnot, P. Ngā kano ārai mate RNA whakakaha-ake anō mō ​​ngā mate pipiri. Gene Tera 28, 117-129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y 

3. Pourseif MM et al 2022. Ngā kano ārai mate mRNA whakakaha-ake: Te Aratau Mahi, te Hoahoa, te Whakawhanake me te Whakahohenga. Drug Discovery Today. Pukapuka 27, Putanga 11, Whiringa-ā-rangi 2022, 103341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103341  

4. Blakney, AK et al 2021. He Whakahōutanga mō te Whanaketanga Kano Ārai MRNA Whakakaha-Anō. Vaccines 2021, 9(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020097  

5. Anna Blakney; Te whakatupuranga hou o ngā kano ārai mate RNA: te RNA whakakaha-ake. Biochem (Rānana) 13 Ākuhata 2021; 43 (4): 14–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bio_2021_142 

6. McKay, PF, Hu, K., Blakney, AK me ētahi atu. Ko te kano ārai mate nanoparticle lipid SARS-CoV-2 e whakanui ana i a ia anō ka puta he taumata teitei o te paturopi whakakore i roto i ngā kiore. Nat Commun 11, 3523 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17409-9 

7. Akahata W., et al 2022. Te Haumaru me te Ārai Mate o te RBD Taumau e Whakaatu Ana i te Kano Ārai RNA Whakanui-ā-Whaiaro a SARS-CoV-2: he rangahau matapōkere, matapo-kaimātakitaki, wāhanga 1. Preprint medRxiv 2022.11.21.22281000; I tukuna i te 22 o Noema, 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.21.22281000  

8. Elliott T, et al. (2022) Ngā urupare ārai mate kua whakarei ake i muri i te werohanga heterologous me ngā kano kano COVID-19 RNA me te mRNA e whakanui ana i a ia anō. PLoS Pathog 18(10): e1010885. I whakaputaina: Oketopa 4, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010885 

9. Keikha, R., Hashemi-Shahri, SM & Jebali, A. Te aromatawai i ngā kano kano ā-waha hou i runga i ngā matūriki RNA lipid whakakaha-ake (saRNA LNPs), ngā Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs i whakawhitia ki te saRNA, me te Lactobacillus plantarum i whakawhitia ki te saRNA hei whakakore i ngā momo SARS-CoV-2 alpha me delta. Sci Rep 11, 21308 (2021). I whakaputaina: 29 Oketopa 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00830-5 

10. CDC 2022. Te Hanganga o ngā Kano Kano Rewharewha. Kei te wātea ipurangi i https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/how-fluvaccine-made.htm i tirohia i te 18 o Hakihea 2022. 

11. Chang C., et al 2022. Ko ngā kano kano rewharewha bicistronic mRNA whakakaha-ake anō ka whakapiki ake i ngā urupare ārai mate whakawhiti-tauhohe i roto i ngā kiore, ā, ka ārai i te mate i roto i ngā ferret. Ngā Tikanga Whakaora Molecular me te Whanaketanga Haumanu. Pukapuka 27, 8 Hakihea 2022, Whārangi 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.013  

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